Printed circuit boards (PCBs) require permanent identification for traceability, compliance, and quality control. PCB laser marking and coding provide high-precision, durable solutions for serial numbers, barcodes, logos, and regulatory information. At FanyPCB, we utilize advanced fiber and CO₂ laser systems to deliver crisp, permanent markings on all PCB types—from standard FR4 to high-frequency Rogers materials.

How PCB Laser Marking Works

Laser Marking Technologies

• Fiber Lasers (YAG): Best for metallic surfaces (copper, gold, aluminum) with high-contrast marks.

• CO₂ Lasers: Ideal for organic substrates (solder mask, silkscreen) without damaging underlying layers.

• UV Lasers: Used for ultra-fine markings on flexible PCBs and sensitive components.

The Laser Marking Process

• Design Preparation – Marking patterns are created in CAD/CAM software.

• Surface Treatment – Cleaning to remove oxidation or residues.

• Laser Etching – A focused laser beam removes or discolors material to form text/codes.

• Inspection – Automated vision systems verify legibility and alignment.

Common PCB Marking Applications

• Serial Numbers & Barcodes – For inventory and supply chain tracking.

• UL/CE Certification Marks – Compliance with safety standards.

• Component Labels – Identifying test points, polarity, and part numbers.

• Brand Logos & QR Codes – Custom branding and documentation linking.

Industry Standards for PCB Laser Marking

To ensure quality, reliability, and compliance, PCB laser marking must adhere to strict industry standards. These regulations govern everything from marking permanence to material compatibility, helping manufacturers meet global requirements for traceability and safety.

One of the most critical standards is UL 796, which mandates permanent identification marks on PCBs used in certified electronic products. This ensures that critical information—such as manufacturer details, flammability ratings, and production dates—remains legible throughout the product’s lifespan, even under harsh conditions.

For PCB surface finishes, IPC-4552 provides guidelines on laser marking compatibility with common coatings like ENIG (Electroless Nickel Immersion Gold), HASL (Hot Air Solder Leveling), and OSP (Organic Solderability Preservatives). This standard helps prevent issues such as poor contrast or material damage when lasers interact with different metallic and organic layers.

In automotive and aerospace applications, IATF 16949 certification is essential. This standard enforces strict traceability requirements, ensuring that laser-marked serial numbers, barcodes, and part identifiers can be tracked throughout the supply chain. Compliance reduces risks in recalls and quality audits.

Additionally, RoHS and REACH regulations favor laser marking over traditional ink methods since it eliminates the need for chemical inks, making it an environmentally friendly solution. This is particularly important for electronics sold in the EU and other regulated markets.

The Advantages of Laser Marking and Coding in PCB Manufacturing

Superior Durability for Long-Term Traceability

Unlike traditional inkjet printing or silkscreening, laser marking creates permanent engravings that withstand harsh industrial environments. The markings remain intact even after exposure to abrasion, chemical cleaning agents, and high-temperature processes like reflow soldering, ensuring critical identification stays readable throughout the product's lifecycle.

Precision Engineering for Modern Electronics

Advanced laser systems achieve micron-level accuracy, enabling crisp markings on even the most compact circuit boards. This precision allows for tiny QR codes, ultra-fine serial numbers, and miniature component identifiers that are essential for today's high-density PCB designs in wearables, medical devices, and advanced computing applications.

Compliance with Global Quality Standards

Laser marking meets stringent international regulations including UL certification requirements, IPC standards for surface finishes, and automotive traceability mandates. The process provides consistent, regulation-compliant markings that help manufacturers satisfy quality control protocols and industry-specific documentation requirements.

Operational Efficiency in High-Volume Production

The non-contact laser process eliminates the need for consumables like inks or stencils while offering significantly faster processing times compared to conventional methods. Automated laser systems integrate seamlessly into production lines, marking hundreds of boards per hour with perfect repeatability and minimal maintenance requirements.

Enhanced Security Against Counterfeiting

Laser technology enables sophisticated anti-tamper features like microscopic serialization and covert UV markings that are virtually impossible to replicate accurately. These security measures are particularly valuable for defense, aerospace, and medical applications where component authenticity is critical.

Material Versatility Across PCB Types

From standard FR4 boards to specialized flexible circuits and metal-core substrates, laser marking delivers consistent results across all common PCB materials. The process adapts effortlessly to different surface finishes including gold, silver, and organic solder masks without compromising marking quality or circuit integrity.

Environmentally Conscious Manufacturing Solution

As a completely dry process requiring no chemicals or solvents, laser marking aligns with RoHS and REACH environmental regulations. This eliminates concerns about ink contamination or VOC emissions while reducing waste associated with traditional marking methods.

Cost-Effective Throughout Product Lifecycle

While the initial investment in laser equipment may be higher, the long-term savings from eliminated consumables, reduced rework, and improved production yields make it the most economical choice. The permanent nature of laser marks also prevents costly traceability issues that can arise from faded or damaged identifiers.

Future-Ready Technology for Emerging Needs

With capabilities ranging from deep engraving for industrial applications to subtle discoloration marking for delicate components, laser systems adapt to evolving industry requirements. The technology continues to advance with features like real-time quality verification and AI-assisted pattern recognition.

Seamless Integration with Smart Manufacturing

Laser marking systems easily connect with Industry 4.0 production environments, enabling digital traceability through unique identifiers that link to cloud-based manufacturing records. This supports just-in-time production, inventory automation, and smart factory initiatives.